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{"bugzilla": {"description": "pam_pkcs11: authentication bypass in error situations", "id": "2430414", "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2430414"}, "csaw": false, "cvss3": {"cvss3_base_score": "6.7", "cvss3_scoring_vector": "CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N", "status": "draft"}, "cwe": "CWE-393", "details": ["In OpenSC pam_pkcs11 before 0.6.13, pam_sm_authenticate() wrongly returns PAM_IGNORE in many error situations (such as an error triggered by a smartcard before login), allowing authentication bypass.", "A flaw was found in pam_pkcs11. The pam_sm_authenticate function wrongly returns PAM_IGNORE in some communication errors with a smartcard or PKCS#11 token, such as a smartcard being removed or a hardware failure. In some specific PAM configurations, this return code allows the authentication process to continue without valid credentials, effectively granting unauthorized access to the system."], "mitigation": {"lang": "en:us", "value": "To mitigate this issue, review PAM configurations that include pam_pkcs11. Ensure that the pam_pkcs11.so module is not configured with sufficient or optional in a manner that allows authentication to succeed when pam_pkcs11 returns PAM_IGNORE due to smartcard communication errors. If pam_pkcs11 is not actively used for authentication, consider removing its entry from the relevant PAM configuration files (e.g., /etc/pam.d/system-auth, /etc/pam.d/login). Incorrect modifications to PAM configuration files can lead to system lockout; always back up configuration files before making changes and test thoroughly."}, "name": "CVE-2025-24531", "package_state": [{"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:6", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "pam_pkcs11", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6"}, {"cpe": "cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7", "fix_state": "Not affected", "package_name": "pam_pkcs11", "product_name": "Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7"}], "public_date": "2026-01-16T00:00:00Z", "references": ["https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-24531\nhttps://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-24531\nhttps://github.com/OpenSC/pam_pkcs11/releases\nhttps://github.com/OpenSC/pam_pkcs11/security/advisories/GHSA-7mf6-rg36-qgch\nhttps://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/02/06/3"], "statement": "To exploit this flaw, an attacker needs to cause a communication failure between the system software and the smartcard hardware. Additionally, this issue is only exploitable if PAM is configured to allow smartcard login without a secondary password requirement. Due to these reasons, this vulnerability has been rated with a moderate severity.", "threat_severity": "Moderate"}